Category: General Operation

Articles that discuss general field sprayer operation and productivity factors

Boom Collisions on Twitter
An interesting technology recently came to our attention. The Horsch BoomSight detects potential obstacles and as the sprayer passes it raises the boom to avoid the impact. We figured it was worthy of a tweet, which read:
The Horsch BoomSight
@Spray_Guy:
Ever accidentally hit something with your boom?
<35 km/h, perhaps the Horsch BoomSight can help:
http://bit.ly/2j6ShBx
Now, when you tweet something, you hope it has some impact. That’s usually a few “likes”, maybe a few “retweets” and if you’re lucky someone may take the time to write a response. We received the following response:
@WcropW:
Yes, often bumping into kangaroos as they hop out of my crop.
Got to be quick to lift boom above them!
@Spray_Guy:
Still can’t decide if that’s a joke or not, but it certainly made me laugh.
‏@WcropW:
Was looking for picture – definitely true! Has happened 3 or 4 times!
@spraydriftgirl:
Definitely true! Plague numbers in crops down here #strayamat.
@ryan_milgate:
Yep I’ve hit plenty of kangaroos, esp in canola.
@Wilkshag:
Kangaroo- out side window of sprayer. They get stuck jumping through canola.
@Spray_Guy:
Wow! What a photo!
Is there any product registered for kangaroo in canola in Canada?
Photo Credit: Randall Wilksch
—
And so, it got us thinking… What other strange and unexpected things do sprayer operators hit, or nearly hit, during all those hours of spraying? So we asked:
@Spray_Guy:
Hey Twitterverse!
What’s the strangest thing you’ve hit with spray boom?
“Kangaroo” currently in lead.
In less than 48 hours, that tweet earned more than 10,000 impressions as the Twitterverse shared all. What follows is a slightly edited transcript of that thread: snarky responses, pictures, videos and all. We don’t know if there’s any educational value, but it’s certainly fun and surprising. No one wrote “fencepost” or “tree”. They covered everything else, though.
—
@SteveTwynstra:
Wild Turkey!
@Spray_Guy:
Is that what you hit, or WHY you hit?
@SteveTwynstra:
Jumped right up outta the standing wheat 50 odd feet to my right.
Next day, grazed a fawn 2 fields over…
@Spray_Guy:
Putting the “Bam” in Bambi.
@SteveTwynstra:
The doe did give me a dirty look…..
—
@MarkDavis0129:
I snagged a boat, dragged it 150 yds.
The fisherman had quite the look on their faces once I stopped.
@Spray_Guy:
A BOAT!?
Nope… I’m pretty imaginative, but this escapes me.
How was that possible?
@MarkDavis0129:
It’s true, have land right to shoreline in few spots.
Turning on head land and snagged it.
@Spray_Guy:
Priceless.
I’m still laughing picturing that.
@MarkDavis0129:
Was last fall, 18′ alum flat bottom, they were nosed up to shore, snagged boweye on boom tip.
—
@Paulvdb2016:
I have hit an abandoned small liquid manure spreader in a fast turn.
Boom hit at 30+ mph!
@Spray_Guy:
The $hit hit the flatfan…
—
@AgronomoOz:
@Pontaragrain has hit his own drone and put it on Youtube.
#honesty
@Spray_Guy:
Ouch.
UAV’s aren’t cheap.
Got the link, Andrew?
@CrystalSeedSeer:
Let’s hope crop inspector isn’t in there! LOL!
@Spray_Guy:
From this thread, it seems like he’d be at risk of being hit, too!
Turn up the volume on this video.
Great soundtrack! Shared with permission from Michael Pfitzner (@farmingfitz)
And believe it or not, it’s happened to more than one person. Bad time for battery to run low.
Shared with permission from Warwick Holding (@Pontaragrain)
—
@MattTolton2:
I’d only run a sprayer a few months but once slapped a duck out of mid air.
@Spray_Guy:
A solid example of booms set too high… or ducks too low.
Tell me you shouted “DUCK”!
@JoannaMWallace:
This thread is winning Twitter for me today.
—
@vg_tim:
Knocked over a wild turkey and porcupine at same time. Years ago, but can still remember.
@Spray_Guy:
Yikes… what were they doing when you hit them? #Darwinwouldntapprove
@vg_tim:
it seemed suspicious, they were just standing in a bean field looking at each other…
—
@DavidKucher:
I may have hit an oilwell or two.
—
@MaizingPete:
Almost hit a hippy sleeping off a punk party in the fence line.
@Spray_Guy:
LOL! You may have de-throned ‘kangaroo’ with ‘hippy’! We still have hippies?
We have hipsters… we should hit more of them.
@MaizingPete:
For sure Hippy… That poor b@stard thought he was still in Woodstock.
—
@BlackPearl152:
I gave two coyotes a good spank with the boom once.
—
@cropperandy2:
Have hit deer, a coyote, in ON and a moose in AB.
—
@jamesschiltz85:
1982 International cab cover.
—
@GregOldhaver:
Had a flock of partridge lift up and get smacked out of the air with boom.
—
@cjrnumber6:
An endangered Lesser Prairie Chicken.
@Spray_Guy:
Somewhat more endangered now, it would seem…
—
@DarLinFarms:
Travel trailer.
Guy drove into boom unfolding infield.
He watching as unfold.
Crash into me.
—
@Joe_Widdup:
Had a near miss with a guy who stopped to take photos.
Scared the hell out of me.
—
@Luckycangus:
Deer and sharp tail grouse.
—
@RowcropAust:
Emus at night go crazy in the lights.
I have hit a couple over the years.
@Spray_Guy:
I’ve heard of people jacking deer (headlights and hunting) but never emu.
Educational!
—
@kerriRaeMillar:
Llama in the hills of south-central Manitoba.
(Photo credit Lucas Millar)
—
@Jeremycnobel:
Hit a gopher in head with a foam cup as he came out of his hole.
Ended with Blue dye foam ?
@Spray_Guy:
That’s one way to mark your A-B line. Trying to think of a #caddyshack joke…
—
And that’s the thread. So look up from your smart phones occasionally while you’re spraying. It seems there are all kinds of unexpected obstacles in the field.
January 15, 2017
Does Higher Pressure Increase Spray Penetration?
A very common question we hear at sprayer demonstrations is:
“I want to drive the spray deeper into the canopy – does higher pressure help?”
Well, here’s the classic government answer:
“…yes and no.”
It depends on two things. First, the size of the droplet and second, your tolerance for drift (ours is almost zero, BTW). The following video explains how Fine droplets behave very differently than Coarse droplets. It’s always nice to get outside and toss a few balls around:
Well, that last statement in the video isn’t strictly correct…
It’s true that changes in pressure have greater impact on the momentum of coarser droplets, but there is some impact on finer droplets, too. Sufficiently high pressure makes for a finer spray quality and finer sprays have been shown to penetrate dense canopies more effectively. We have seen improved canopy penetration in ginseng, field peppers and matted-row strawberry using finer spray under higher pressure. If pressure is high enough, it will create air-inclusion and impart additional momentum to even Fine spray droplets over a short distance, but it’s a case of diminishing return. That is, it takes a lot of pressure to do it and relatively speaking they only got a bit faster/further. In our work, we used pressures between 90 and 300 psi. Excepting hollow cones, that’s generally on the upper end, or beyond a nozzles rated pressure range and it may even be outside the pumps capacity.
The reason we downplay pressure as a tool for improving canopy penetration is because finer spray under high pressure causes unbelievable drift. A fraction of the spray does get deeper into canopies when you “fog it in”, but the plume of spray blowing beyond the sprayer is entirely unacceptable. Slowing down the travel speed, spraying on cool, humid, low-wind days and lowering boom height can help, but in every trial where we’ve used high pressure and Fine spray quality, we see the image below… or far worse:
Staged drift in peppers using water and high pressure combined with Fine spray quality
The compromise in canopy penetration is to use a Medium spray quality and higher water volume. Stay within the pressure range the nozzle requires to achieve that Medium spray quality. If canopy penetration is still insufficient, consider canopy management (like planting density and pruning) and explore drop-arms to direct the spray, or booms that offer an air-assist or air-deflection option (a few shown here) to entrain and carry spray into the canopy.
Don’t use higher pressure to increase canopy penetration.
January 11, 2017
The Sprayer Operator – The Most Important Factor in Spraying
Spray application is one of the most important activities regularly done in any crop operation. It can also be one of the most expensive and time-consuming. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a multi-step process that helps sprayer operators make informed choices about when and what to spray. But, the decision to spray is not the end of the process.
Spraying highbush blueberry in British Columbia just after a rain. Not ideal, but sometimes the window for application is very small. It’s not the ideal situation, but one strategy for spraying a protectant fungicide on wet leaves is to concentrate the tank mix and use less spray per hectare. The fewer, and more concentrated, spray droplets will dilute in the water already on the leaves and the possibility of run-off is reduced. This is a stop-gap measure, only. The spray will not dry or distribute as it was intended and this strategy will require an additional full-rate application as soon as the weather improves, as long as the label permits. It is often said there is no such thing as a wasted fungicide application.
The sprayer operator now faces a lot of decisions about sprayer set-up and application method. These decisions determine if the application will be effective, and they also determine if it will be efficient. Efficient spraying saves money and reduces environmental impact. The goal is to be both effective and efficient.
So what should the operator be aware of?
A quick Google search reveals a seemingly endless number of sprayer articles by government, industry and academia (and many on this website!). There are differences in definitions, opinions on priorities vary, and classic sprayer wisdom is sometimes supported and sometimes debunked by current research. But, if you read enough of them you will find more similarities than differences, and common themes will emerge.
Most agree that the objective of spraying is the safe and timely delivery of an effective, uniform dose of product to a target area. Any product not deposited on the target (e.g. spray drift, sprayer leaks, run-off, etc.) reduces efficiency and is called wastage. The literature points to six broad elements that affect spray efficiency and effectiveness. Sprayer operators should actively consider all six elements before, and during, each spray application.
The six elements in the illustration overlap because changing one of the elements often means reconsidering others. For example, increasing droplet size to reduce drift potential also reduces the number of droplets sprayed. This may warrant higher spray volumes, which means you might require a more dilute tank-mix to maintain the rate-per-area. Only the sprayer operator’s decisions affect all the elements, which is why it’s pictured in the centre. Technology or technique can not compensate for an inattentive operator; an operator’s skill and willingness to do a good job impacts the overall efficiency and effectiveness of every spray application. Understanding how droplets behave (or misbehave) is essential.
The six elements of effective and efficient spray application.
Each element is comprised of many contributing factors. Some of these factors might fit under multiple elements and certainly we’ve reorganized this list many times over the years. No matter how they are presented, all of these factors (and more) contribute to the success of spray applications and they should figure into the operator’s considerations.
The expanded six elements of effective and efficient spray application.
So, as sprayer operators, we should all be aware of how the factors that affect an application. Take an active role! Don’t be afraid to get out of the tractor and make changes to your pressure or your nozzle choice. Check your coverage as you spray, and make adjustments as the weather changes. Finally, recognize when it’s a waste of time and spray, and know when to pack it in. The days of “set it and forget it” are no more!
November 21, 2016
Sprayer Top Tips – The Twitterverse has Spoken
In June, 2016 (back when Twitter was fun), someone tweeted a clever tip for sprayer operators. It got the usual round of likes and retweets, but it also inspired an idea. We decided to have a two week-long competition for the best North American tip under the hashtag #SprayerTopTips. The winner would receive a WeatherFlow windmeter. Shortly thereafter, Graham Smith (@retrofitparts) of RetroFit Parts generously volunteered a weather meter for the best UK submission.
After two weeks, we received 43 Sprayer Top Tips. Some of the submissions were best practices, some were equipment tweaks and some were downright funny. Thanks to everyone that shared their ideas, practices and sense of humour. Since Twitter limits a tweet to 140 characters, we took the liberty of interpreting a few of the tweets to ensure everyone understands the content.
Let’s be clear – we’re not endorsing any of the brands or practices here. There are some great ideas, but give it some thought if you’re thinking of adopting any of them. And so, in no particular order, here are the submissions for the 2016 #SprayerTopTips competition:
‏@a4nick – Any smartphone with apps weather, windspeed, calculator, camera, set up guides and Twitter <to access the> global knowledge of operators.
@Camcar_Ent – Put the dirt bike on the trailer to allow it to be moved where the sprayer will need a fill.
@Paulvdb2016 – Finally found the water cooler in the John Deere R series cab!
@Paulvdb2016 – Everybody breaks a few nozzle bodies each year! Save the turret part to organize your extra nozzles (WIND METER WINNER)
@LeightonBlashko – If your water/handler pump runs out of gas while spiking jugs, backflow will likely contaminate water tank. Keep fueled up!
@fortkampnathan – Add <an> electric valve to <the> mix system to keep solution agitated when spraying, and shut off when tank is near empty. Total cleanout.
@fortkampnathan – Valves on boom <section> ends to flush residue and prevent buildup in caps. Split <the> inductor and fill line to add <conditioner> with <the water>.
@twistedironfarm – Flush booms with water at night when shutting down to prevent residue buildup. Even if using same product the next day.
@landon707 – Don’t forget to feel the hubs to make sure you don’t have <one> hot one (HONOURABLE MENTION)
This got a reply from @1TonyHarding – One of these <see temperature gun image> is even better. Only ~10°C between a good and bad wheel motor on a Nitro <sprayer>.
‏@apple_grain – Talk to landlords before spraying. Some don’t understand what you are doing and why. A short chat can relieve a lot of anxiety.
@rmmathesonfarms – Stay out of the muck, it really is a buzzkill on productivity!
@T77HAM – Always organize a family day out when you want to go spraying to guarantee perfect spraying conditions.
‏‏@T77HAM – Make sure everything it greased well… putting it on its side <is> easier than scrambling underneath.
@GlenHanks – Air reel mounted on water trailer. #no blowback
@cfsdennis – Check <that> all wheels are on! <Editor’s note – This wasn’t just a photo lifted from the internet – this was his experience!>
@FreyTodd – It never hurts to double check that the field you are spraying is, in fact, all <RoundUp Ready> <More info here>
@EnnsFarmsRuss – Small blow gun tied into sprayer air system makes cleaning nozzles a breeze (WIND METER WINNER)
@EnnsFarmsRuss – A tackle box is great for keeping spare nozzles and parts and tools organized.
This got a reply from @thecropdoctor – Neater than my plastic ice cream tubs!
@thecropdoctor – Record headland sizes as well as landwork areas so if <you are> patch spraying, data is available.
‏@konopelskifarms – I spray #ReglonIon @ 20USgal/ac 6MPH 50PSI in evenings – awesome results!
@konopelskifarms – I spray Liberty at 20 US gal/ac. Great results including less bronzing. Lots of fills, but oh well.
This got two replies from ‏@skellerfarms – We upped our water volume for Liberty from 10 to 13gpa, have fewer escapes now. More water is always the answer. <and> More water (10-13gpa) and slower speeds (<13mph) means better coverage and less drift.
@skellerfarms – Getting “too windy” but need to spray? Up <the> water volume by 3-5gpa and slow to a speed near your minimum effective pressure.
@landon707 – Eye/hand wash stations on sprayer and tender. We have a garden hose on tender for cleaning filters. <More info here>
@LegueeFarms – Pattison Totalizer – loads our R4045 in 7-8 min without hot loading.
‏@ONspraysafety – If you can see the maple leaf in the <Canadian> flag, it is too windy to spray!
@ONspraysafety – If you hear sounds from far away on a calm morning, beware of a temperature inversion. <More info here>.
@WheatlanderJay – Use a 1,000 L tote with <the> top cut off for used jugs. We recycle all boxes so they never leave the shed.
@WheatlanderJay – The four R’s of spraying stewardship: Right Product, Right Rate, Right Staging, Right Application. #dontsprayandpray
@RonKrahn – 1,000L tote cages <with> nets for <storage> boxes <left image>. Use a spray record sheet to keep track of fills and <environment> <right image>.
@redwoodacres – Plumb line directly into tank for pumping in bulk chemicals. <This> keeps big hoses chemical free.
@redwoodacres – Install fresh water connection for eductor/handler rinse water <with anti-backflow>. Cleaner jugs = less exposure.
@KeatingSeed -Keep a good custom operator on speed dial.
@GavinHowley – <Install a> float valve in tender tank, hook up hose, go home for <image of a few frosty beers>.
‏@DarylTuck – When spraying at 15 MPH and spray drift starts to pass the sprayer, it’s nap time!
@ehrinf – Reload, reload, reload? Cut that time to a minute and concentrate on spraying. <More info here>.
@BlackwellBrad – Re-purpose your old Davis weather station. Know wind speed and direction.
@a4nick – Mobile phone weather apps – very handy.
Thanks to everyone that shared. Maybe we’ll do it again in 2017!
July 26, 2016
The Pressure Gauge Shows More Than Pressure
Kim Blagborne (formally with Slimline Manufacturing) has long said that the pressure gauge on an airblast sprayer indicates more than just pressure. It can be used to diagnose a number of pump and plumbing issues… if you know what to look for. Here’s Kim’s troubleshooting guide to reading into what your gauge is REALLY telling you:
Scenario One
“As the tank empties, the pressure drops”
First, try adjusting the pressure regulator (assuming a positive displacement pump). If you can maintain the pressure up until the tank empties, your intake line may be loose and it’s sucking the bottom of the tank. Check the fitting between the suction filter and the pump. Apply a light coating of grease to the O-rings on the elbows and filter to ensure a complete seal.
Second, try stopping mid-tank (that is, turn off the tractor PTO and let the sprayer sit for a few minutes). Does the pressure gauge return to the original set pressure? If so, then the intake line inside sprayer has likely come loose entirely. Open the lid, and using a straightened-out coat hanger, hook the intake line and give a few gentle tugs – it should not be able to move. If it does, you’ll have to re-fasten the intake line so it’s not sucking the bottom of the tank.
The humble coat hanger. It opens our cars and now fixes our sprayers. Remarkable!
Scenario Two
“When I first start the sprayer, the pressure drops or fails to maintain constant pressure as the tank empties”
This might indicate improper mixing practices because the filter is probably plugging with product. Alternately, your PTO speed may be too slow to drive sufficient mechanical agitation. Check the suction filter as soon as the problem occurs (don’t finish spraying). If you wait to check when the tank is empty, the evidence of a plugged filter could be washed away before you can confirm it. This problem often happens when spraying nutrients, or when products aren’t compatible.
If that’s not it, it could be a collapsed suction valve. The pump will sound like it’s “missing” (like an misfiring engine). The suction valve might need to be replaced.
Or, perhaps you notice that you can compensate for the pressure drop by adjusting the regulator on the first tank. But it has to be dropped back down again for the second tank. In this case, the regulator might be sticking or jamming. Disassemble it and look for grit in the barrel of the regulator, then lubricate the parts.
Scenario Three
“I lose pressure when I turn my boom(s) on or off”
In this scenario, the pressure is fine as you approach the end of the row. You turn off the outside boom (or both) and finish the turn. But, when you re-engage both booms, the pressure drops. Even when you adjust the pressure regulator to compensate (assuming a positive displacement pump), the unit only gains the lost pressure slowly. In this case, the regulator might be sticking or jamming. Disassemble it and look for grit in the barrel of the regulator, then lubricate the parts.
Scenario Four
“The pressure gauge spikes when I turn off the boom(s)”
If you run a Turbomist, it could be the bypass balance. To solve this issue, head over to this article and pan down to see the step-by-step. If it isn’t the balance, then it’s likely the regulator. The issue of a spiking gauge and how to correct for it is covered thoroughly in this article by Ag mechanic extraordinaire Murray Thiessen.
Scenario Five (a positive displacement pump issue)
“My gauge pulses”
Is it more than a 20 psi range? Have you noticed that the deviation gets less as the PTO speed increases? Well, the pump pressure check-valve may have collapsed. Check the pressure check valves in the pump for broken springs on the suction valve plate.
Does the needle move rapidly through a 5 to 10 psi range? The accumulator pressure might be low. Try adjusting system pressure via the regulator and if that changes how the needle is responding, then set an air compressor to 90 psi (or manufacturer’s recommended pressure) and charge the accumulator.
Perhaps the needle movement is not affected by system pressure changes or the PTO speed. In this case the accumulator may have failed entirely and the diaphragm will need replacement.
Scenario Six
“My calibration is going farther than expected”
Sure, that sounds pretty good at first, but it may be that the gauge is stuck. With the PTO off and the spray boom on, the gauge must read “ZERO”. If it doesn’t, pony up the $50.00 and get a new one.
May 30, 2016