The Fundamental Relationship – Understanding variables and common conversion factors used in calibration

The Fundamental Relationship, a concept by Professor D. Ken Giles (Emeritus), UC Davis Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, is a way of talking about calibration without numbers and formulas. It is valuable for teaching concepts important to calibration. Since it is a relationship, it describes the variables needed and how they relate to each other. […]

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How to Size a Nozzle for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

PWM is gaining popularity, and there is an ever-increasing number of first-time users that need to make nozzle selections for their system. We’ve written about it here, here, and here. Recall the PWM replaces spray pressure with Duty Cycle (DC) of a pulsing solenoid as the primary means of controlling nozzle flow. The solenoid shuts […]

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How to interpret a water quality test result

It’s common advice: Test your water before using it as a spray carrier. You dutifully sample the well or dugout and await lab results. And what comes back is a whole lot of numbers. How to make sense of it all? All three of these tests report a large number of properties and identify specific […]

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Exploding Sprayer Myths (Ep.13): Reading Nozzles and Nozzle Tables

After a long hiatus, it’s lucky episode 13! In this installment, Dr. Tom Wolf, intrepid reporter, braves the unforgiving wilds of Saskatoon as he investigates claims of mysterious devices popping up all over the city. Colloquially referred to as “nozzles” these items are imprinted with obscure codes that scientists are struggling to decipher. Be the […]

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Dealing with Pesticide Shortages in 2022

We’ve had dire warnings about possible pesticide shortages and price hikes for 2022. Price hikes are one thing. But if the products we need simply won’t be available, we have a tougher challenge.  It’s time to plan pesticide conservation. But first, what’s behind the product shortage? Emily Unglesby of dtnpf.com provided an excellent overview of […]

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